Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in healthy children and adolescents in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil Prevalência de anticorpos anti-vírus Epstein-Barr em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis em Vitória, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil
نویسندگان
چکیده
The prevalence and age distribution of Epstein-Barr virus infection varies in different populations and there is little information about the epidemiology of this infection in Brazil. We studied the prevalence of EBV antibodies in a sample of 283 children and adolescents between 1 and 21 years old. The sample was taken from two neighborhoods in Vitória (capital city of Espirito Santo, Brazil). The São Pedro (SP) neighborhood represented an area with lower socioeconomic status and the Praias (P) neighborhood represented an area with higher SES. Anti-VCA (Virus Capsid Antigen) antibodies were detected by ELISA and anti-EBNA (Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen) antibodies were detected by an anti-complement immunofluorescence method, both using commercial kits. The results showed an overall prevalence rates of anti-VCA and anti-EBNA of 71% and 54% respectively. The prevalence for both anti-EBV antibodies was higher and probably the infection occurred earlier in the SP neighborhood. Among the various socioeconomic factors studied only low family income and maternal education level were significantly correlated with a higher frequency of positive serology for antiVCA. These results demonstrate that there is a high prevalence of EBV antibodies in children and adolescents living in Vitória, that occurs more frequently at a younger age in children from families with low socioeconomic status. In addition, the results demonstrate an intermediate age distribution pattern between those reported in developed and underdeveloped countries. Key-words: Epstein-Barr virus. Infectious mononucleosis. EBV antibodies. RESUMO O vírus Epstein-Barr tem variações geográficas na prevalência e na idade da soroconversão, e poucos estudos abordam estes aspectos no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-EBV em uma amostra de 283 crianças e adolescentes de 1 a 21 anos de idade, residentes nos bairros São Pedro (SP) e Praias (P) no município de Vitória, ES. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VCA foi feita por ELISA e a de anti-EBNA por um método de imunofluorescência anticomplemento, ambos utilizando kits comerciais. Os resultados mostraram 71% de positividade para o anti-VCA e 54% para o anti-EBNA. A freqüência do anti-VCA foi significativamente maior e a idade da soroconversão menor na amostra do bairro São Pedro. Maior freqüência de sorologia positiva para o anti-VCA foi encontrada entre os grupos de baixa renda e menor escolaridade materna. Esses resultados demonstram que a prevalência de anticorpos anti-EBV é alta na população de Vitória, sendo mais freqüente e precoce nas crianças e adolescentes de famílias de baixa renda e menor escolaridade, com curva de distribuição etária intermediária entre a observada em países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos. Palavras-chaves: Vírus Epstein-Barr. Mononucleose infecciosa. Anticorpos anti-vírus Epstein-Barr. 1. Departmento de Pediatria do Centro Biomédico da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES. 2. Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas do Centro Biomédico da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES. Address to: Prof. Fausto E.L. Pereira. Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29040-091 Vitória, ES. Brazil Fax: 55 27 3335 7206 e-mail [email protected] Recebido para publicação 28/7/2003 Aceito em 16/7/2004
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تاریخ انتشار 2004